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Dongmyeong of Goguryeo
King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 BCE – 19 BCE, r. 37 BCE – 19 BCE) or Dongmyeongseongwang (), which literally means Holy King of the East, also known by his birth name Jumong (), was the founding monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the ''Samguk Sagi'' and the ''Samgungnyusa'', he is recorded as Jumong with the surname Go. The ''Samguk Sagi'' states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (), Jumong (), or Domo ().〔Digital Korean Studies http://www.koreandb.net/KPeople/KPShow.asp?ID=0003672&Type=L〕
== Birth ==
The founding myths of Goguryeo are related in ancient writings, including the Gwanggaeto Stele. The best-known version is found, with slight variations, in the ''Samguk Sagi'', ''Samgungnyusa'', and the "King Dongmyeong" chapter () of the "Dongguk Yisang Gukjip" ( of Yi Gyu-bo).
There have been disputes over who the father of Jumong really was. In one legend Jumong is son of Hae Mo-su of Buyeo () and Yuhwa (), daughter of the river god Habaek (). Hae Mosu met Yuhwa by a river where she was bathing, but Habaek disapproved of Hae Mosu, who returned to heaven. The river god chased Yuhwa away to Ubal river (), where she met and became the concubine of King Geumwa of Eastern Buyeo. Yuwha was impregnated by sunlight and gave birth to an egg.〔Retrieved on March 6th of 2008. http://www.koreandb.net/KPeople/KPShow.asp?ID=0003672&Type=L〕 Geumwa tried to destroy the egg, and tried to feed it to animals, who instead protected the egg from harm. Geumwa returned it to Yuhwa. From the egg hatched a baby boy, who was named Jumong, meaning "skilled archer" in the ancient Buyeo language.
Leaving Eastern Buyeo, Jumong was known for his exceptional skill at archery . Eventually, Geumwa's sons Daeso and Yongpo became jealous of him, and Jumong left Buyeo to follow Hae Mo-su's dream to unify Gojoseon territories which had been broken up as a result of the Han Dynasty's corrupt government and rescue Gojoseon's population that had been left in Eastern Buyeo. According to legend, as he fled on his horse, he approached a fast-running river. Turtles and creatures of the water rose up and formed a bridge.〔http://www.seelotus.com/gojeon/gojeon/seol-hwa/dong-myeong-wang.htm (Kor)〕 He entered the land south of the river. In 37 BCE, Jumong became the first king of Goguryeo, and reunited all of the five tribes of Jolbon into one kingdom. Soseono, who was a Jolbon chief's daughter, became his second wife and gave birth to his son, who eventually established the kingdom of Baekje as Onjo of Baekje.
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